Spine 0. 8291 The quick way to get started with Microsoft Office 2016 This is learning made easy.Get more done quickly with Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint.Microsoft Office 2007 Mathematical Symbols Meaning' title='Microsoft Office 2007 Mathematical Symbols Meaning' />How to Use Summation Formulas in Microsoft Excel.Microsoft Excel recognizes a number of mathematical functions that can be used to manipulate the data you have.This report from the ICME12 Survey Team 4 examines issues in the transition from secondary school to university mathematics with a particular focus on mathematical.Key Mathematical Concepts in the Transition from Secondary School to University.We considered it important to obtain data on transition from university mathematics departments.We wanted to know what topics are taught and how, if the faculty think the transition should be smooth, or not, their opinions on whether their students are well prepared mathematically, and what university departments do to assist those who are not.Hence, we constructed an anonymous questionnaire on transition using an Adobe Acrobat pdf form and sent it internationally by email to members of mathematics departments.The 7. 9 responses from 2.The sample comprised 5.Of these 4. 5 were at the level of associate professor, reader or full professor, and 3.Microsoft Office 2007 Mathematical Symbols Meaning' title='Microsoft Office 2007 Mathematical Symbols Meaning' />There were 5 or more responses from each of South Africa, USA, New Zealand and Brazil.Clearly the experience for beginning university students varies considerably depending on the country and the university that they attend.For example, while the majority teaches pre calculus 5.Further, in response to Is the approach in first year mathematics at your university Symbolic, Procedural Axiomatic, Formal Either, depending on the course.Most of the respondents 5.When asked Do you think students have any problems in moving from school to university mathematics 7.Yes and 6 responded No.One third of those who answered Yes described these problems as coming from a lack of preparation in high school, supported by comments such as They dont have a sufficiently good grasp of the expected school mathematics skills that they need.Further, two thirds of those who answered Yes described the problems as arising from the differences, such as class size and work load, between high school classes and university, with many specifically citing the conceptual nature of university mathematics as being different from the procedural nature of high school mathematics.Comments here included university is much more theoretical and Move from procedural to formal and rigourous sic, introduction to proof, importance of definitions and conditions of theoremsrulesstatementsformulas.There is also a need to deal with misconceptions which students developed in secondary schoolWe also have to review secondary school concepts and procedures from an adequate mathematical point of view.Other responses cited students weak algebra skills 1.Looking at specific mathematical knowledge, we enquired How would you rate first year students mathematical understanding of each of the following on entry to university With a maximum score of 5 for high, the mean scores of the responses were algebra or generalised arithmetic 3.Riemann integration 1.The mathematicians were specifically asked whether students were well prepared for calculus study.Those whose students did not study calculus at school rated their students preparation for calculus at 2.Those whose students did, rated secondary school calculus as preparation to study calculus at university at 2.These results suggest that there is some room for improvement in school preparation for university study of calculus and analysis.Since the view has been expressed e.Clark and Lovric 2.Do you think the transition from secondary to university education in mathematics should be smooth Here, 5.Yes and 2. 2 2. No.Of those who responded No, many of the comments were similar to the following, expressing the belief that change is a necessary part of the transition Not necessarily smooth, because it is for most students a huge change to become more independent as learners.To learn mathematics is sometimes hard.Those who answered yes were then asked what could be done to make the transition from secondary to university education in mathematics smoother The majority of responses mentioned changes that could be made at the high school level, such as encourage students to think independently and abstractly change the secondary courses have better trained secondary teachers and, have less focus in secondary school on standardised tests and procedures.A few mentioned changes that could be made at the university, such as better placement of students in classes increasing the communication between secondary and tertiary teachers and, addressing student expectations at each level.This lack of communication between the two sectors was highlighted as a major area requiring attention by the two year study led by Thomas Hong et al.Since one would expect that, seeing students with difficulties in transition, universities would respond in an appropriate manner see e.Hockman 2. 00. 5, we asked Does your department periodically change the typical content of your first year programme 3.Yes and 4. 4 5. No.The responses to the question How does your department decide on appropriate content for the first year mathematics programme for students by those who answered yes to the previous question showed that departments change the content of the first year programme based on the decision of committees on a university or department level.Some respondents said that they change the course content for the first year students based on a decision by an individual member of faculty who diagnoses student needs and background.The follow up question How has the content of your first year mathematics courses changed in the last 5 years showed that 3.In some of the courses, students were encouraged to use tools for calculation and visualisation.In contrast, six departments increased the complexity and the rigour of their first year mathematics courses.The survey considered the notion of proof in several questions.In response to How important do you think definitions are in first year mathematics 5.Only 8 respondents replied that definitions are not important in first year mathematics.Responses to the question Do you have a course that explicitly teaches methods of proof construction were evenly split with 4.Yes and No. Of those who responded Yes, 1.While some had separate courses e.Some respondents replied that they teach methods of proof construction in interactive contexts, citing having the course taught as a seminar, with students constructing proofs, presenting them to the class, and discussingcritiquing them in small size class.One respondent used the modified Moore method in interactive lectures.Looking at some specific methods of introducing students to proof construction was the question How useful do you think that a course that includes assistance with the following would be for students Four possibilities were listed, with mean levels of agreement out of 5 high being Learning how to read a proof, 3.Working on counterexamples, 3.Building conjectures, 3.Constructing definitions, 3.These responses appear to show a good level of agreement with employing the suggested approaches as components of a course on proof construction.It may be that these are ideas that the 4.Mathematical modelling in universities was another topic our survey addressed.In response to the questions Does your university have a mathematical courseactivity dedicated to mathematical modeling and applications and Are mathematical modelling and applications contentsactivities integrated into other mathematical courses, 4.Reasons given for choosing dedicated courses include the majority of all mathematics students will end up doing something other than mathematics so applications are far more important to them than are detailed theoretical developments most of the mathematics teaching is service teaching for students not majoring in mathematics so it is appropriate to provide a relevant course of modelling and applications that meets the needs of the target audience if modelling is treated as an add on then students may not learn mathematical modelling methods.Those who chose integrated courses did so because students need to be equipped with a wide array of mathematical techniques and solid knowledge base.Hence, it is appropriate for earlier mathematics courses to contain some theory, proofs, concepts and skills, as well as applications.Considering what happens in upper secondary schools, 2.When asked for their opinion on how modelling should be taught in schools, most of the answers stated that it should be integrated into other mathematical courses.Bings US Market Share Is Wildly Underestimated.Microsoft claims Bing, its search engine for people who have just unboxed a new computer and are trying to find out where to download Chrome, is bigger than you think.Stats released by the company this week claim Bing enjoys an astonishing 3.US, which is far higher than the frankly more believable 9 percent it reports worldwide.According to Microsoft, the 3.This is surprising, because as Ars Technicas Peter Bright noted, the most common reaction he gets when he says he uses the site at all is slack jawed stares and stupid questions.I, for one, cant remember a single time Ive used Bing in recent memory, other than the aforementioned use of installing a web browser that doesnt use Bing.If Microsofts metrics are to be believed, its quite a coup Half a decade ago, some rankings had it come in at under 3 percent of global searches. 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The numbers seem to go up and down depending on the source, but the most generous prior estimate from Comscore last year put Microsoft at just north of 2.Bing technology powers Yahoos search engine.None of that counts mobile queries, where Google has a functional global monopoly with virtually no meaningful competition whatsoever.So few web savvy people seem to use Bing that those who do are a sort of curiosity, though that might just be compartmentalization If youre a heavy Google user, using Chrome tied to a Gmail account, it might not ever occur to you that Bing even exists.But since the vast majority of new computer sales are for Windows devices, which come preloaded with Bing defaulting browsers Internet Explorer or Edge, one would imagine theres enough workplace users, old people, folks who dont give a damn and others of their ilk to make up a big share of the market.Theyre real and theyre out there, just Binging it up, occasionally not noticing sand penises.
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Bahrain This Month May 2. Red House Marketing. Bahrain This Month May 2. Published on May 5, 2. May 2. 01. 4 Vol. Issue 5 BAHRAIN THIS MONTH Your guide to a great way of life. This is fatal girlgirl combat whether with swords, knives, guns, lasers or even bare hands. Congress Isnt Happy About the Equifax Breach. We knew it wouldnt be long before Congress demanded action in response to the Equifax data breachparticularly since several of its members are among the 1. Americans who are pissed about having their Social Security numbers and other personal data exposed. Equifax announced the breach yesterday, and so far the companys behavior has been an example of how not to respond to a data breach. The tool for consumers to check if their data was stolen doesnt really work, Equifax is supposedly offering free credit monitoring but no one can sign up yet, and several of its executives mysteriously sold off stock before the breach was announced. In short, its a disasterand lawmakers arent happy. Among those taking action, three Democrats on the House Energy and Commerce Committee didnt waste any time on Friday digging into the companys questionable response. In a letter Friday, US Representatives Frank Pallone, Jr., Diana De. Gette, and Jan Schakowsky tasked the Government Accountability Office GAO with evaluating whether Equifaxs reaction to the breach will in any way benefit the millions of Americans now at risk of financial fraud. After all, Equifax is itself a credit reporting agency theres plenty of irony to go around. Specifically, the lawmakers say theyre alarmed by GEO reports that suggest simply offering to monitor a breach victims credit is not the way to go. The entire purpose of offering this service, according to GAOs findings, is to avoid liability while offering consumers peace of mind. After the Office of Personnel Management OPM was breached in 2. However, the GAO later found that this decision was not based on any actual analysis of whether or not the services were truly effective, the lawmakers said. While putting peoples minds at ease is certainly a service, its hardly a substitute for a genuine shield against identity theft. Simply compensating consumers whose data has been hacked with a year of monitoring is not going to be enough. Questions remain about whether purchasing and providing credit monitoring for customers is the optimal way to respond to data breaches, the lawmakers wrote. In particular, we are concerned that the popular response may reflect factors unrelated to the actual protection of breach victims and reliance on these products after the breach may result in consumers being lulled into a false sense of security. The Democrats have asked the GAO to take another swing at determining precisely what post breach solutions would benefit victims of data theftand not just those impacted by Equifax. The lawmakers would like to know, for instance, as do we all,To what extent does the most effective solution vary by breach type, victim characteristics, demographics or other key factors Theyve also asked To what extent are the services offered determined by price and To what extent are they determined by their level of protectionThis incident shows how urgent the need is to find better ways to protect personal data, Rep. Diana De. Gette, the ranking member on the House subcommittee on oversight and investigations, told Gizmodo. Clearly, as a country we need to craft new means to keep thieves and hackers from obtaining and using personal information. Simply compensating consumers whose data has been hacked with a year of monitoring is not going to be enough. Should the GAO identify effective post breach solutions and obstacles that impede their use, De. Gette and her colleagues have also asked for new recommendations on how both the federal government and the private sector can more widely leverage these solutions to the benefit of data breach victims. Its difficult to assess whether Equifaxs offer will actually help anyone. The largest network of nude patches and nude mods for all popular games. Instant download and detailed guides on installation for all nude skins. Despite its lengthy press release, the company has revealed next to nothing about the breach and the types of data stolenbeyond saying as many as 1. The company didnt disclose the breach for more than a month after detecting it, a decision which has drawn significant criticism. And the nature of the website application vulnerability supposedly responsible for the breach itself also remains unclear. The ambiguity with which the company has described the incidentthey have referred to it as a cybersecurity incident and an intrusioncould indicate that a hacker, or hackers, went to painstaking lengths to steal its customer database. One would presume they intend to use it. But for all we know now, the company mightve simply left the door wide open, its databases made accessible through some serious lapse in security to virtually anyone with a web browser and the right IP address. What can be weighed, however, is Equifaxs response after learning about the breach Is the company doing everything it can to do right by its customers Or is it acting solely in its own self interest, taking only the steps necessary to reduce its own liability So far, the outlook is not great. Offering to monitor the victims credit is the very definition of the least Equifax could do. It is a threat to our economic security. But now there are other concerns Troubling language has been discovered on the website Equifax set up to allow its customers to check to see if their personal information was exposed. Few whove signed up likely noticed the arbitration clause in the terms of service that restricts them from participating in any class action lawsuits arising from the incident. Seriously, this is a thing. The GAO evaluation is only one of several investigative measures being pushed by members of Congress. It is a threat to our economic security, Sen. Mark Warner tweeted. He floated several ideas for legislation to address cybersecurity nightmares like the Equifax breach, including notification standards for companies to tell consumers about hacks. The image of Albert Einstein sticking his tongue out adorns the racks at Spencers gift stores across America. But now, one lucky patron of the arts finally owns. We knew it wouldnt be long before Congress demanded action in response to the Equifax data breachparticularly since several of its members are among the 143. It doesnt look like Energy and Commerce is going to be the only committee trying to get answers from Equifax, either. Rep. Ted Lieu is calling for the House Judiciary Committee to hold a hearing on the breach. Lieu wants Equifax to testify, of course, but he wants their major competitorsExperian and Trans. Unionto come to the table, too. Each company, he said, should be required to explain how it is taking proactive, defensive steps to prevent such breaches in the future. On top of the investigative hearings, some members of Congress are already pushing for legislation that would create stricter regulation of credit reporting agencies. Sen. Brian Schatz announced that he plans to reintroduce legislation he drafted in 2. Gizmodo reached out to Equifax with a list of questions about the data breach Thursday afternoon. No one from company has responded so far, but well update when and if they do. Update, 8 0. 0pm As a helpful reader pointed out below, Equifax has added language to a Q A section on its website addressing the arbitration clause issue The arbitration clause and class action wavier included in the Trusted. ID Premier Terms of Use applies to the free credit file monitoring and identity theft protection products, and not the cybersecurity incident. That Photo of Einstein Sticking His Tongue Out Just Sold For a Bunch of Money. The image of Albert Einstein sticking his tongue out adorns the racks at Spencers gift stores across America. But now, one lucky patron of the arts finally owns one of the first prints of the physicist having a grand ol timeat an auction on July 2. The buyers identity has not been revealed. According to the Nate D. Sanders auction house in Los Angeles, which made the sale, the iconic image was snapped after Einsteins 7. The Princeton Club in 1. Einsteinprobably tipsy or somethingstuck his tongue out at a group of photographers trying to take his picture. While the photographer who took the shotArthur Sassewas initially nervous about publishing the somewhat unflattering photo of the famed physicist, Einstein was simply tickled. According to Live Science, he ordered several copies of the photo and signed the original A. Einstein. 5. 1. The action house that sold the photo the other day was expecting 1. Its unclear how the auctioneers came into possession of the photo, but Gizmodo has reached out for comment and will update this post if and when we hear back. If you dont have 1. You can buy a similar version at literally any mall. CIA Site Redirect Central Intelligence Agency. The Office of Public Affairs OPA is the single point of contact for all inquiries about the Central Intelligence Agency CIA. Online Personality Profile Test Emirates Id CenterOnline Personality Profile Test Emirates Id RenewalWe read every letter, fax, or e mail we receive, and we will convey your comments to CIA officials outside OPA as appropriate. However, with limited staff and resources, we simply cannot respond to all who write to us. Even more Account Options. Sign in Search settings. Contact Information. Submit questions or comments online. By postal mail Central Intelligence Agency. Office of Public Affairs. Washington, D. C. By phone 7. 03 4. Open during normal business hours. By fax 5. 71 2. Contact the Office of Privacy and Civil Liberties. Contact the Office of Inspector General. Contact the Employment Verification Office. Before contacting us Please check our site map, search feature, or our site navigation on the left to locate the information you seek. We do not routinely respond to questions for which answers are found within this Web site. 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Solicitations to transfer large sums of money to your bank account If you receive a solicitation to transfer a large amount of money from an African nation to your bank account in exchange for a payment of millions of dollars, go to the US Secret Service Web site for information about the Nigerian Advance Fee Fraud or 4 1 9 Fraud scheme. If you have information which you believe might be of interest to the CIA in pursuit of the CIAs foreign intelligence mission, you may use our e mail form. We will carefully protect all information you provide, including your identity. The CIA, as a foreign intelligence agency, does not engage in US domestic law enforcement. If you have information relating to Iraq which you believe might be of interest to the US Government, please contact us through the Iraqi Rewards Program. GW2 Thief Pv. E Class Guide. Class Guides GW2. The 3POseries protocol droid was a Humancyborg relations protocol droid produced by Cybot. Barnes Noble welcomes Borders, Waldenbooks and their customers to discover their next great read at Barnes Noble. You guys know what this represents Maybe its the calm before the storm. Thats the word from our President last night as he prepared for a dinner meeting. Xukk. Jul 1. 0, 2. GW2 Thief Pv. E Class Guide written by Xukk and Jeremy Blutschatten of r. T as well as Chase of SRTY. This is the fourth Pv. E class guide written in a series by members of r. T, a high ranked dungeon speed running guild. Updated for July 2. Introduction. Thief is a medium armor profession with very low health, strong mobility, and high single target damage. Their unique class mechanics are Steal and Initiative. They primarily support a party with damage mitigation and long duration stealth. This guide is oriented around the thiefs role in dungeon speedruns. Though thieves have very few weapon combos, they tend to switch utility skills and traits more often than other classes depending on the situation being encountered. This guide will cover various skills, weapon combos, and builds with a strong focus on what is presently considered the most efficient options. The information is targeted at people with little knowledge of the class, but provides details that more experienced players might find useful as well. Lets begin with a short overview of important terms for a thief. This is covered in further detail under Mechanicslink. Initiative Instead of cooldowns, thief weapon skills are supported by Initiative. Thieves are the only class that can use the same weapon skill back to back if required. Steal Steal is the F1 attack on your skill bar, it instantly teleports you to your target and attempts to pocket an item. If you successfully pocket an item it will be placed on F2. Flanking The area to the sides and back of a target. Stealth Invisibility to enemies and safety from many traps. Stealthed players are vulnerable to Ao. Es, cleave damage, and channeled skills. Revealed This debuff prevents a player from stealthing for 3 seconds in Pv. E. Dealing damage while stealthed or leaving a Shadow Refuges circle when already stealthed will reveal the player. Glossary. General Dungeons. Stack all party members stand closely together to share boons or control enemy AI. Aggro slang for aggression or aggravation, usually referred to a mob targeting you or your party. Mob an enemy, foe, or creature. Lo. SLine of Sight usually referred to the act of obstructing melee and ranged enemies that are trying to hit you e. NPC Non player character. Computer controlled characters. You are usually accompanied by one or more NPCs in every dungeon path. LFG Looking for Group. Pug Pickup group. A group made up of people who you do not know, usually via the ingame LFG system. DPS Damage Per Second. Ao. E Area of Effect any skill that has more than one target. Pull gaining the initial aggro of an enemy. Boons also known as buffs, these give positive effects to you and allies. Blast using a blast finisher in a combo field. AA Auto Attack first weapon skill. LH Lightning Hammer. Commonly used Thief related terms. HS Heartseeker. DS Double Strike AA 1WS Wild Strike AA 2LS Lotus Strike AA 3DD Dancing Dagger. Cn. D Cloak and Dagger. BS Backstab. PW Pistolwhip. SR Shadow Refuge. TG Thieves Guild. Weapons. Dagger. Dagger provides the highest DPS skills for the core thief. Lets look at them individually Auto Attack Double Strike, Wild Strike, Lotus Strike. This chain provides two target cleave. Double Strike consists of 2 fast attacks 0. Wild Strike stronger attack which restores 1. Lotus Strike, which is as strong as Wild Strike, applies 4 seconds of poison, but is the slowest attack of all three 0. Together the Autoattack has a full duration of 2. Wild Strike has the highest DPS. It is recommended to break the chain after Wild Strike to maximise DPS. Stealth Skill Backstab. Backstab replaces your auto attack chain when you enter stealth. It hits for double the damage when used at a foes flanking position this includes the sides, see mechanics for more details. Heartseeker. This skill gets stronger the less health your target has. It is generally recommended to use this after your foe has lost half its health. The damage increases even more against targets with less than 2. Because of its low cast time, it is generally regarded to be the strongest single target DPS skill for a thief. If you look at your character from a birds eye view above, it will shorten the leap. Death Blossom DDWhen you use this skill, you evade attacks for a short time at the beginning of the animation. The length of the evade does not last for the full duration of the skills animation. Besides the normal damage you cause Bleed on every mob you hit. Very useless in a speedrun setting. Shadow Shot DPA shot which teleports you to the target if it hits. DP is used very rarely to close gaps faster. A good time to use it would be against the acolytes in Co. F P1. Otherwise its DPS doesnt compare to DD against single targets. Dancing Dagger. You throw a dagger which bounces 3 times between mobs for a total of up to 4 hits. This skill is the best Ao. E attack on DD and has good damage as long as there is at least one additional foe in range of your target. Cloak and Dagger. Does above average damage, but more importantly applies vulnerability before the attack and stealths you on a successful hit. It will be included in your main damage rotation against bosses. Pistol. You should almost never use a main hand pistol since the skills are weak and contextual, but youll want to use it often in your offhand because the pistol has the best interrupt and blind skill in the game. Auto Attack Vital Shot. Weak damage with relatively weak conditions applied. Stealth Skill Sneak Attack. Attacking out of stealth is like using a mini unload. Each projectile is a finisher, so it can be used to lifeleech bosses like the Maw in the end fractal. Body Shot. Low Damage. Vulnerability and immobilise last for a short time. The skill sounds okay, but its cost and low duration means you wont be able to sustain its benefits. Unload PPThe highest fully ranged, single target DPS attack available to thief. Every succesful hit grants you one stack of might, if you spam Unload youll be at around 2. Shadow Strike PDYou hit your foe with the dagger, port backwards, and shoot a bullet for high damage. Applies 2 torment on dagger swing. Port can be cancelled with jumping. Out DPSes Unload, but still not used functionally in any Pv. E endgame meta. Headshot. Can be used to remove a bit of a defiance bar if your group has no oher control skills left but it is not really worth it. Black Powder. The second, and arguably primary, reason why you would want to use a pistol. Up to 5 foes are blinded upon casting and every two seconds for 2 seconds in duration for a total of three blinds to five targets every two seconds. It is easily possible to perma black powder, re applying it back to back, to keep foes blinded over longer periods. To that this skill provides a smoke field that can be used to stealth your group. This skill got a huge nerf with the last feature patch so when you know you get a group with fast hitting mobs combine it with the blind of smokescreen. Shortbow. The Shortbow is a very powerful weapon for utilities such as a Blast Finisher, a teleport, a poison field, and an evade. It provides good sustain damage from a distance and can be used to replenish health safely. Trick Shot. A bouncing shot which does decent damage as long as there is more than one foe. Through the projectile mechanic it can manually be activated from a range of 1. If you stay within 9. Surprise Shot stealthAttacking out of stealth will immobilize the foe. There are better options for a thief, but it can be used if you need to immobilize Shoggroth when your other immobilizes have already been used. Cluster Bomb Detonate Cluster. There are two aspects of this skill. The first is, hands down, one of the best blast finishers in the game. It can be spammed, as long as you have initiative to help stack Swiftness, Might, and much more. Heres a great table of all combos. If you aim the skill away from your feet and activate it while the projectile is in the air it becomes a detonated cluster. A detonated cluster does not provide a blast finisher. It splits the normal Cluster Bomb into 3 smaller bombs which can each hit 3 foes. Detonate Cluster has a lower damage per bomb but a single foe can get hit by all 3, so the damage is actually higher when all three hit the target than the normal Cluster Bomb would do and you will also apply more bleeds. EESAP2 Actas by EESAP European Conference.Published on Jan 2.European Conference on Energy Efficiency and Sustainability in Architecture and Planning.YGOTAS-yugioh-the-abridged-series-11422949-444-451.jpg' alt='La Vida Privada De Los Arboles Pdf Compressor' title='La Vida Privada De Los Arboles Pdf Compressor' />Ii european conference on energy efficiency and sustainability in architecture and planning ii jornadas europeas sobre eficiencia energtica y sostenibilidad en la.Web oficial de la Universidade da Corua.Endress Hauser Promag 53 Installation there. Free Download Adobe Flash Player Hippo here. What Are Sinkholes Sinkholes, as explained by the USGS Water Science School, are an area of ground that has no natural external surface drainage. Little Giant Pumps Automatic Effluent 60 GPM Pump 6ENCIASFS 506631 Replaces 6ECIASFS 506701. FloodMaster localized leak detection and alarmshutoff systems from RDT protect property from extensive water damage in the event of water heater, hosefed. Herbie Overflow Plumbing Guide for Quiet Reef Aquariums. The Herbie Overflow Method is a simple, proven plumbing setup thats been around for many years. At its most basic, it consists of 2 standpipes in an overflow a main drain regulated by a valve that runs as a siphon, and a separate unrestricted emergency standpipe. The setup enables you to run a completely silent drain from the overflow to the sump belowhave it be completely fail safe from possible flooding with proper design and maintenance. It is the simplest plumbing method that accomplishes both of these things. History. The method was popularized by a Reefcentral. Herbie around 2. As people started using the method on their tanks, many forum threads started and there are literally hundreds of posts out there about it. The difficulty lies not in the method itself, but in sifting through all those bits and pieces of info just to figure it out. About this guide and a heads up. This guide explains the regular operation, each component of the design, and gives tips along the way. For the sake of simplicity, all of the content and diagrams describe the most simple and conventional Herbie setup, an overflow box with standpipes coming in through the bottom. In some cases the pipes will have to pass through the side of the tank, but the mechanics of everything will be the same. You should be aware that It is not completely a set it and forget it method It needs to be regularly inspected and properly maintained. See Best Practices. There are all kinds of people out there who run the system in one form or another, and they all have a slightly different opinion on how they think things should be done. I am only one of these people. You can choose to do things differently with certain parts of the design, but try to be aware of any risks you may be opening yourself up to when you do so. There is another similar method called the Beananimal drain also named after its creator which is slightly more complicated in design and uses 3 standpipes vs. The Beananimal is superior in many ways including running a dry emergency drain increased safety, and having much more capacity than the Herbie design. For the sake of clarity, I wont attempt to explain the Herbie and Bean. Animal designs at the same time. The goal is that you will not only understand the Herbie design after reading this, but start to see its limitations. The Siphon that makes the Herbie work. Any time you have air and water flowing through the same drain, youll get noise with even low amounts of flow. This is the main shortfall of single pipe drain methods like the Durso and its siblings. Aside from running silently, a siphon drain has much more flow capacity because air never runs through the pipes once it gets going. The way the siphon on the Herbie is achieved is by manually constricting flow on the main drain with a finely adjustable valve. Once the air is purged from the line and the siphon is fully engaged, it continues to run this way 2. The rate that a siphon moves water is similar to a return system. For a return pump, the greater the distance the pump has to push water up to the tank against gravity, the less flow exits the return outlet. So for a siphon, it is working with gravity water moves through the pipe faster the further it has to fall straight down. So as you increase vertical distance between the inlet in the overflow and the outlet down in the sump, water moves faster. Ideally the siphon pipe should run straight down to the sump, with no horizontal runs. This isnt always possible, but you should keep it in mind. Try to reduce horizontal runs or use flexible pipe to make curves more gradual. This also means using 4. PVC. Adjustment of the Valve. To begin, the valve is opened all the way then slowly closed off until the siphon is achieved. Fine adjustments are then made until the flow of the siphon closely matches the amount of water being returned to the tank, which will stabilize the water level in the overflow. Perfectly balancing the water level until it remains totally still inside the overflow is difficult and time consuming to achieve even with a Gate valve. Although it can appear stable and stay that way for a while, slight variations in the system such as changes in resistance of water through the plumbing will inherently change the rate of flow over hours or days. For example, the growth of slime in the pipes. Simply by allowing a very slight trickle of water to enter through the emergency standpipe at all times, you sidestep the nearly impossible requirement of perfectly adjusting the valve. We are talking a trickle here just enough to negate the need for constant fiddling, but still allowing the emergency drain ample capacity if needed. To accomplish this, you simply stabilize the water level as best you can inside the overflow, then close off the valves flow a very tiny amount past that point. After this tiny adjustment, the water level inside the overflow will rise, very slowly, and come to rest at the level of the emergency standpipe where the trickle of water will begin seeping down it. So what is a Trickle Using a term like trickle leaves the actual amount to interpretation. If you fill a styrofoam cup with water then poke a hole in it with the lead of a pencil, you will get an idea of what to aim for and allow with your trickle. Think seeping and not flowing. What happens when a siphon valve is adjusted. In real time the water would take up to a full minute to reach the E drain after the adjustment is made. The Effects of running a Trickle. A slight trickle of water flowing down the emergency pipe has a few effects on the system including Inside the overflow box, the operating water level remains up at the top. Water passing over the the weir falls only a short distance, so it wont splash and create noise. A trickle of water breaks the surface of water inside the overflow, preventing any scum from accumulating. The need for constant adjustments is reduced considerably. Sounds great, right But dont forget Your Emergency line goes from dry to wet. Running any amount of flow down the emergency adds risk to the system. Its a level of risk that many choose to live with and minimize the best they can, but present nonetheless. Lets Pause Here For the sake of discussion, Ill mention a debate that currently takes place. It regards running an Emergency drain with the Trickle method. There are some people who think that running a strictly Dry Emergency that never touches water is the only way it should be done. I have the opinion that running a Trickle down the Emergency drain can be done in a safe manner in conjunction with following best practices like using a strainer on the siphon inlet, overflow teeth on the weir and a covered overflow box. I wanted this guide to be just about explaining the basics vs. Herbie Overflow Dry Emergency vs. Running a Trickle. Moving onSystem Design. Valve Selection. Due to the need for fine levels of adjustment, installing a quality valve is suggested. Gate Valve. This valve allows precise adjustments to be made with a minimum effort. The Spears gate valve shown can be taken apart and is regarded as the best available option. Spears Gate Valve. Ball Valve. The higher quality ones have a smooth openingclosing action, and built in unions which are an advantage. A Single Union Ball Valve or True Union Ball Valve are the only ones that should be used. They are cheaper and easier to find than gate valves. The common Straight Ball Valve should be avoided. True Union Ball Valve. Think Ahead Add A Union. If the valve doesnt have a union built in one should be installed between the valve and the bulkhead so you can easily detach your hoses and get to the valve assembly with relative ease. Even a quality valve will tend to start to get sticky and eventually seize up after months or years in a high calcium saltwater tank. To remedy this its a good practice to detach your valve and get rid of any deposits. Soaking the valve in vinegar works well, but be sure to remove the rubber seals first. Valve Placement Vertically on Main Siphon Drain Line. The vertical position of the valve on the siphon line plays a part in how fast the siphon starts. 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